If you happen to know of any works that I've missed (and I'm sure there are tons), please comment and I'll try to find some good links.
Brief blurb (not really the point, but to serve as an intro...)
The Four Cardinal Virtues: Prudence, Justice, Temperance, and Fortitude.
And on to the meat:
Unknown Artist
* 1175 - 1200, Prudence
Medium: Gilt bronze
Items: Large serpent
Dress: Robe
Hair: Covered
Posture: Sitting
Setting: No setting; seated, but seat not part of sculpture
Figures: Prudence, serpent
Notes:
- None
Giotto Di Bondone,
* ca 1306, The Seven Virtues- Prudence
Medium: Painting
Items: Book, Mirror (reflection not shown, pointed at self)
Dress: Robe
Hair: Wrapped, up
Posture: Standing, profile
Setting: Alone at a lecturn/pedetal/desk... forget the name
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- Part of a series: The Seven Virtues
Andrea Pisano
* 1337 - 1341, Prudence with two heads, one young and one old, accompanied by a serpent and a mirror
Medium: Sculpture (Relief)
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Tied
Posture: Seated, looking down to mirror in right hand, holding serpent in left; second face looking up and away.
Setting: No setting per se; panel has no background, and seat is not visible.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Piero del Pollaiolo (or Antonio??)
* ca 1470, Prudence.
Medium: Oil on panel
Items: Serpent, Mirror (self reflection in profile)
Dress: Dress, Drapery
Hair: Braided, "mid"
Posture: Sitting, facing forward, vision away
Setting: Sitting on a throne in an alcove; much detail in few objects
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- Part of a series; not the Four Cardinal, but of Seven Virtues
- Purposefully distorted due to its intended position (was to be placed high above viewer)
Giovanni Bellini
* 1490-1504, Prudence
Medium: Oil on panel
Items: Mirror (reflection of artist?)
Dress: Nude
Hair: Straight, behind, long (to legs)
Posture: Standing, profile body face straight and down
Setting: Standing on a pedestal, before a wooden screen, near windows
Figures: Prudence, One robed cherub with trumpet, one nude cherub with trumpet, one robed cherub with drum
Notes:
- Part of a series of panels representing virtues and sins
Giulio Campi
* 1496-1500, Prudence and Justice
Medium: Painting
Items: Large serpent
Dress: Sheer flowing dress
Hair: Braided, up
Posture: Standing, holding serpent overhead, weight on rear leg, looking down and to side
Setting: On pedestal, before wall
Figures: Prudence, serpent (large enough to get figure reference)
Notes:
- Next panel has Justice, not really part of same composition
Pietro Perugino
* ca 1497, Prudence and Justice with Six Antique Wisemen
Medium: Fresco
Items: Staff (with mirrors atop?? Not sure what they are, but would be consistent)
Dress: Dress with drapery
Hair: Princess Leia
Posture: Sitting, holding staff with one hand, pointing with other, looking down and away
Setting: Sitting on clouds, besides Justice, above six wise men. Four cherubs hold two signs, above clouds, on either side of Prudence & Justice
Figures: Prudence, Justice, Four nude cherubs, six wise men
Notes:
- Not sure what the signs say; can't find image I can read
Antonio Pollaiuolo
* 2nd half 15th century, Draped woman, seated, holding in his hand snakes: Prudence
Medium: Pen and brown ink
Items: Serpent
Dress: Robes
Hair: Hard to discern, but it appears as if it may be veiled
Posture: Siting
Setting: No setting; seat not visible
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- Head is hardly visible
Workshop of Raffaelo Sanzio (Raphael)
* 2nd half of 15th century, 1st quarter of 16th century, Prudence
Medium: Red pencil
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress, drapery, ornate necklace
Hair: Shoulder length, down; large helmet with plume
Posture: Seated, looking down to mirror
Setting: No real setting; no background, seat not visible
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Raffaelo Sanzio da Urbino (Raphael)
* 1511, The Cardinal and Theological Virtues
Medium: Fresco
Items: Mirror
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Back braided to shoulders, top held by scarf
Posture: Seated, torso and legs pointed forward/side, head in profile looking at mirror
Setting: Positioned over two platforms (for lack of a better term); bottom level has Fortitude on left along with two cherubs (one seated and looking towards the background, and the other climbing over Fortitude to reach a branch), and Temperance on the right with a seated cherub looking away. Prudence sits on the second level, between Fortitude and Temperance. One cherub stands behind her, facing her, holding a torch, while another stands before her, helping her hold the mirror. Background is a sky with scant clouds.
Figures:
Notes:
- The Cardinal Virtues are represented as women, while the Theological Virtues are represented as cherubs.
- Prudence is wearing a strange emblem on her breast; a distorted face with what appears to be wings.
Baldassare Peruzzi
* c 1518-1520,An Allegory of Prudence
Medium: Brown ink and brown wash, heightened with white, squared for transfer on pink tinted paper
Items: Compass?, branch
Dress: Dress
Hair: Covered by helmet
Posture: Seated
Setting: Seated between two figures; to her left is a young woman, and to her right is an older; Prudence's young face is looking to her left, while her older face is looking right. Behind Prudence is a tree (of wisdom?).
Figures: Prudence, young woman, old woman, swan (with young woman), cat (with old woman)
Notes:
- All figures are labeled, but writing is illegible.
- There is an object on the floor, with illegible label, that I cannot discern
Albrecht Durer
* 4th quarter of 15th century ; 1st half of 16th century, Prudence
Medium: Pen and black ink
Items: Mirror (reflection of self)
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Down and shoulder length; only a small amount due to two faces taking up real estate
Posture: Standing, holding mirror out with left hand and looking into it, seems to be holding necklace in right
Setting: No real setting; light flora at feet of Prudence
Figures: Prudence, dragon
Notes:
- Inspiration is not "the virtues" (proper), but rather is from the tarot
* 1522, The Great Triumphal Chariot of Maximilian I
Medium: Woodcut
Items: None
Dress: Dress
Hair: Braided, up
Posture: Standing on pedestal
Setting: Large ornate chariot with many figures, each to illustrate attributes of Alexander
Figures: Justice, Temperance, Fortitude, Prudence, Security, Confidence, Gravity, Perseverance and Reason
Notes:
- None
Grien Hans Baldung
* 1529, Prudence
Medium: Oil on pine panel
Items: Mirror, serpent, deer
Dress: Nude, save for translucent veil over one arm and lower bits
Hair: Long, down back
Posture: Standing, holding mirror in one hand, looking over at reflection
Setting: In forest, on mountain (implied), overlooking buildings in the valley. Prudence stands on serpent, and deer (a buck and doe) stand behind her.
Figures: Prudence, serpent
Notes:
- Very interesting that Prudence is stepping on the serpent.
Nicolo dell'Abbate
* ?, Prudence
Medium: Pen and brown ink, black chalk, brown wash, on beige paper
Items: Ball (orbis terrarum?)
Dress: Robed
Hair: Covered by robe (heavy robe)
Posture: Figure standing, positioned straight ahead, with one leg on ball. Face #1 is looking down towards ball; Face #2 on back of head looking up.
Setting: Standing in archway (an actual arch, not a door arch)
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- The half of the arch corresponding to Face #1 is highly decorated, whereas the half of the arch corresponding to Face #2 has no decoration
Aenea Vico, Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (Parmigianino) (inspired)
* c 1543, Prudence
Medium: Etching on paper
Items: Mirror (self reflection)
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated, holding up mirror in both arms, looking down into mirror
Setting: Sitting in a chair in a room. There is an open window from where we can see mountains and clouds outside.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- There are two other objects in the room. One appears to be a desk of some sort, and I cannot ID a small object on the floor.
Polidoro Caldara
* 1st half 16th century, Two Allegories: Prudence and Moderation
Medium: Brown ink on paper
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Nude except for drapery on one arm, which goes behind and back through legs to cover one thigh
Hair: Braided, up, with strands coming down on side
Posture: Standing as if walking forward
Setting: Moderation and Prudence stand before two stone arches (which have minor bits of overgrowth). Ground is rocky. Moderation (naturally) is covered up (as opposed to a mostly nude Prudence).
Figures: Prudence, Moderation
Notes:
- None
Nicolò Vicentino (attributed)
* mid-16th century, Prudence
Medium: Chiaroscuro woodcut printed in black, gray and ocher
Items: Mirror, jug
Dress: Drapery over one shoulder, covering torso and legs, leaving other shoulder and breast exposed
Hair: Up in front/middle, down in back
Posture: Seated, holding hand in one hand, looking at mirror in profile. Holding back of hair in other hand.
Setting: No real setting. Prudence sits upon a raised platform, with a jug on lowest level
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- Handle on jug may represent serpent?
Frans Floris
* 1550-1570, Prudence
Medium: Brown ink on blue paper
Items: Sword, flower
Dress: Bodice, drapery
Hair: Braided, up
Posture: Seated, holding sword against body with one hand, smelling flower held in other
Setting: Sitting before trees (seat no visible), with hills visible in the background. Clouds in sky, flora on ground and trees. Around closest tree to Prudence is a large serpent facing her.
Figures: Prudence, serpent
Notes:
- None
Pieter Brueghel the Elder
* c. 1559, Prudence from The World of Seven Virtues
Medium: Engraving
Items: Mirror, sieve, casket
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing
Setting: Busy city setting. Figures each represent some aspect of prudential life. In the background is the sea, with a boat, and a distant part of the city visible beyond. The sky is clouded.
Figures: Prudence, many city dwellers at work
Notes:
- Part of the "The World of Seven Virtues" series
- "If you wish to be prudent, think always of the future and keep everything in the forefront of your mind"
- From the site (attributed to H. Arthur Klein): "Prudence stands on, under, and next to objects symbolizing various kinds of such desirable wisdom: On her head she carries a sieve or colander; in her hand she holds a mirror; against her shoulder leans a long slender coffin. Each of these objects suggests a different aspect of prudence: the sieve or colander – the sifting out of good from evil, rejecting the bad, retaining that which makes for a life of virtue; the coffin – the inevitable death that awaits all men, in awareness of which they should live each day prudently; the mirror – self-knowledge."
Germain Pilon
* c 1561 - 1570, Prudence
Medium: Sculpture
Items: Mirror
Dress: Dress
Hair: Brushed back, held in place with scarf, loose down back
Posture: Seated, holding a mirror up in one hand, but it is pointed behind her as if to look behind. Her gaze is not towards the mirror (but in same general direction).
Setting: No real setting
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Agnolo Bronzino
* 1564, Allegory of Happiness
Medium: Painting
Items: Globe
Dress: Dress with drapery covering lower half
Hair: Mostly covered in scarf; Janus head covers back of head
Posture: Sitting facing forward, turning to side (towards Happiness), holding globe in lap. Seat not visible.
Setting: Group of figures surrounding central figure of Happiness, with those opposing her at her feet. The background displays hills and mountains, with a blue sky.
Figures: Happiness, Prudence, Justice, 3 (4?) Angels/Cherubs, 4 contorted figures, 1 covered figure
Notes:
- None
Abraham Bloemaert (attributed)
* 1564 - 1651, Young woman standing, holding a serpent and a mirror-Prudence
Medium: Red pencil, brown ink and gray wash on paper
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Up, curls down on side
Posture: Standing, holding serpent high in one hand and mirror low in the other, looking down at mirror.
Setting: Standing before a panel, which has a relief of a woman's face in the upper corner. Stepping off a small step.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None.
François Anguier
* 1564 - 1593, Monument funéraire du coeur d'Henri Ier d'Orléans, duc de Longueville
Medium: Sculpture
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress
Hair: Braided, up
Posture: Seated, holding serpent up in one arm, mirror down in the other, looking down toward the mirror
Setting: No real setting, but part of larger sculpture; standing before a funeral monolith
Figures: Prudence, Fortitude, Justice, and Temperance
Notes:
- None
Tiziano Vecelli (Titian)
* 1565-1570, The Allegory of Prudence
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: N/A
Dress: N/A
Hair: N/A
Posture: N/A
Setting: N/A
Figures: Two levels: Old man, mid-aged man, young man on top; wolf, lion, dog on bottom (all heads, no bodies... all heads situated looking left, center, and right)
Notes:
- Unique in that it doesn't anthropomorphize Prudence
Alessandro Allori
* c 1580, Fortitude, Prudence and Vigilance
Medium: Pen and ink, wash, white heightening, over black chalk, partially squared in black chalk, on paper washed buff
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress, breasts and one leg uncovered; short cape?
Hair: Short, down; scarf/ribbon?
Posture: Sitting on bull?, oriented forward, holding serpent in one hand and mirror in the other, looking down at mirror
Setting: Flanked by Fortitude and Vigilance, with two cherubs sitting on a wreath above. No background per se.
Figures: Prudence, Fortitude, Vigilance, two cherubs
Notes:
- There are tiny faces throughout, for instance, at the feet of Prudence and in the wreath
* c 1567 - 1570, Allegory of Prudence
Medium: Painting
Items: Mirror, serpent, globe
Dress: Nude, except for drapery covering lower region
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated on globe
Setting: No real setting: simply Prudence on a globe.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Antonio Tempesta
* 1590, Minerva in a Chariot Driven by Prudence and Charity
Medium: Etching
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up in a bun, with flowing scarf behind
Posture: Seated on horse, serpent in one hand, mirror in the other, looking down at mirror
Setting: Prudence and Charity are on elegant horses, Minerva is in the chariot holding a spear and rod, along with an angel blowing a trumpet. No real background; figures are all on rocky/hilly terrain.
Figures: Prudence, Charity, Minerva, and angel
Notes:
- Minerva is the Roman version of Pallas
Bartholomaeus Spranger
* 1599-1600, Allegory of Justice and Prudence
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: Quill, serpent/ring??
Dress: Dress, breasts exposed
Hair: Up (braided?), braid down in back
Posture: Seated, one leg crossed, holding quill in one hand, ring/serpent in other, looking upwards
Setting: Prudence is seated, facing forward, to the left of Justice, who is seated oriented away, turned to face forward, holding a sword in one hand and a balance in the other. In the background, there is a window partially covered by a curtain on one side, and bound by a pillar on the other. The pillar is widely covered by a curtain. Outside, the sky is cloudy and darkening.
Figures: Prudence, Justice
Notes:
- Interesting that Prudence does not have her usual items (I do not think she has a serpent)
Giacomo Della Porta
* 1534-1549, Monument to Paul III.
Medium: Sculpture
Items: Mirror, book (reflection of self)
Dress: Drapery covering bottom half
Hair: Covered by drapery
Posture: Reclining/laying, holding book in resting arm, looking at self in mirror with supporting arm, head down and away.
Setting: Together with Justice, both reclining below seated Paul III
Figures: Prudence, Justice, Paul III
Notes:
- Here, Prudence is an adult male (rare)
Jacob Matham
* 1597, Prudence
Medium: Engraving
Items: Mirror (reflection of self), two serpents
Dress: Dress, shoulders exposed
Hair: Short, sparse due to two faces
Posture: Sitting, oriented away. Holding two serpents in one hand, holding mirror up in other. Young face is looking down(ish) and away, towards mirror (reflection is visible), and old face is looking up in the opposite direction.
Setting: Outdoors. Sitting on a hill(?) next to a group of stones (a wall?), surrounded by flora. Can see a valley below, where we can see a house, some trees and hills.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Léonard Limosin (followimg) ; Lucas Van Leyden (inspired)
* 16th century, Prudence
Medium: Polychrome, heightened with gold on copper. Cons-translucent enamel. (Original: engraving)
Items: Mirror, compass
Dress: Nude, save for drapery around one arm and covering lower bits
Hair: Up, wrapped in scarf
Posture: Seated, holding mirror in one hand, compass in the other; looking at mirror
Setting: Prudence is sitting on a couch in a room, with one foot resting on an ottoman. There is a curtain in the background, along with another mirror. A cherub flies above Prudence holding a crown.
Figures: Prudence, cherub
Notes:
- Can't tell if cherub is generic cherub or is supposed to represent something in particular
School of Giorgio Vasari ; Unknown
* 16th century, The Bliss of Meekness, the Gift of Intelligence and the Virtue of Prudence
Medium: Red pencil on paper
Items: Saucer?, Bottle, Jug
Dress: Dress, one breast exposed
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated on cloud, holding saucer? above head pouring wine down, holding bottle in other hand pouring into jug
Setting: Meekness and Prudence are flanking central figure of Intelligence, accompanied by two angels blowing horns. No background is shown.
Figures: Intelligence, Meekness, Prudence, two angels
Notes:
- None
School Primaticcio ; School Of Fontainebleau
* 16th century, Justice and Prudence in two circular cartouches
Medium: Black chalk, brown wash
Items: Serpent, Mirror
Dress: Dress, possible additional drapery
Hair: Up
Posture: Indeterminate; upper torso only shown
Setting: No setting; Prudence holds serpent in one hand and mirror in other
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- In a two panel illustration; first panel displays Justice, and Prudence is in the second. Assorted unidentified figures surround the panels.
Michel Colombe
* 16th century, Prudence - Tomb of Francis II of Brittany and his Wife Marguerite de Foix
Medium: Sculpture
Items: Mirror, compass
Dress: Dress, drapery covering head
Hair: Down, mostly covered by drapery and Janus head
Posture: Standing
Setting: N/A
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Marco Marchetti (Marco da Faenza)
* Late 16th Century, Prudence
Medium: Pen and brown ink and brown wash over red chalk on laid paper mounted to a heavier sheet
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Sitting, oriented towards rear, looking over shoulder towards viewer; holding serpent in one hand, mirror in the other
Setting: Sitting on what appears to me a group of rocks; maybe hills in the background? No other features in the background.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Jan I Snellinck
* End of 16th/Beginning of 17th century, Prudence
Medium: Brown ink, indigo wash, on blue paper
Items: Serpent, bird?
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing (walking)
Setting: Walking Prudence holding bird? up in one hand, serpent down in other; bushes in immediate background, and a hill further behind. Clouds are in sky.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Barthélemy Prieur
* 2nd half of 16th century, 1st quarter of 17th century, Prudence
Medium: Sculpture
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up, braided
Posture: Standing, weight on one leg; opposite (hand holding serpent) arm raised, bent at elbow back to shoulder; arm with hand holding mirror has elbow "resting" on hip, bent so mirror allows Prudence to look behind.
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Martin Fréminet
* 2nd half of 16th century, 1st quarter of 17th century, The Four Cardinal Virtues
Medium: Sculpture
Items: ?
Dress: ?
Hair: ?
Posture: ?
Setting: ?
Figures: Prudence, Temperance, Fortitude, Justice
Notes:
- Need better image, cannot determine details. The four figures are standing around an obelisk, but Prudence is not clearly visible.
Carracci School
* 4th quarter 16th century , 1st quarter 17th century, Two children between Justice and Prudence
Medium: Brown ink, brown wash, and black chalk
Items: Mirror, Rod with winged tip and serpent wrapped around it (see notes)
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up in front and sides, down in back
Posture: Seated, oriented towards children (who are central to the image), the mirror is held in one hand (down), and the rod in the other is raised to the children
Setting: In a field. Prudence and Justice are on either side of two children. They are all seated on the ground. Flora is behind Prudence and Justice, and further behind the children we see hills. No clouds are visible in the sky. One child is putting a wreath atop the other.
Figures: Prudence, Justice, two children.
Notes:
- The staff held by Prudence is curious. It appears to be a combination of the Rod of Asclepius (except that this rod has wings), and the Caduceus (except that this rod has only one serpent)
Hendrick Goltzius
* 16th century - 17th century, Prudence
Medium: Brown ink, brown wash
Items: Two entwined serpents
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing, serpents in one hand raised upwards towards self
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Peter Paul Rubens
* ca 1622-1625, The Happiness of the Regency.
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: Serpent, golden chain with medallion? (perhaps coins?), wreath?
Dress: Dress, one shoulder and breast exposed
Hair: Up, crown
Posture: Bending over to give items (wreath? coins?) to children (cherubs?) below with one hand; serpent wrapped around same hand
Setting: Elaborate setting. Central figure is Justice (representing Marie de Medici?), surrounded by "supporting cast" on all sides, except below and to the right, which is reserved for the "miserable figures". Much of the background is indecipherable: we see some of Justice's throne, and to the right appears to be a wall?, and a carved arch covered with flora to the left. The sky is blue with indecipherable clouds.
Figures: Too many to name
Notes:
- Part of Rubens' Medici cycle
- Prudence plays a small role here
* c 1622 - 1625, The Consignment of the Regency.
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: None
Dress: Dress with shoulders and decolletage exposed, drapery around waist and below
Hair: Braided into single braid down back
Posture: Standing, looking back towards Louis, Marie, and dauphin
Setting: Inside large ornate building, with arches leading outside in center of image. Louis, Marie and dauphin are central figures, with all other figures looking towards them, with the exception of the rightmost figure (Henrietta Maria?), who is looking towards the viewer. Outside we see a hill, trees, and a cloudy sky.
Figures: Louis, Marie, dauphin, Prudence, female figure (Henrietta Maria?), three soldiers
Notes:
- Part of Rubens' Medici cycle
- Prudence plays a small role here
c 1622 - 1625, Louis XIII Comes of Age.
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: None
Dress: Dress, one shoulder and breast exposed
Hair: Down, windblown
Posture: Standing, adjusting sail with one arm over head
Setting: Elaborate. Multiple figures on an ornate boat. Water is dark with light waves, while sky is dark and cloudy overhead, blue in the distance. Figures also appear in the clouds.
Figures: Too many to mention
Notes:
- Part of Rubens' Medici cycle
- Prudence plays a small role here
Anthony van Dyck
* 1633-1634, Venetia, Lady Digby
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: Serpent, doves
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Mid-length on sides, perhaps down in back
Posture: Seated on rock, adjacent to larger rock with two doves atop; one hand is holding one dove, and other hand is on lap holding serpent
Setting: Outdoors. Prudence steps on profane Love while two-faced Deceit cowers below her. Three cherubs fly above, lowering a wreath on her head. The background has hills, trees, and assorted flora; the sky is blue with gray/white clouds.
Figures: Prudence, profane Love, Deceit, three cherubs
Notes:
- None
Simon Vouet
* ca 1645, Allegory of Prudence
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: Serpent, mirror (reflection of self)
Dress: Dress, one shoulder and upper half of breast exposed; drapery as shawl
Hair: Up on top and sides, down in back
Posture: Seated on a cloud throne, with one hand holding the serpent, and the other situated towards the mirror (held by another figure). Gaze is toward the mirror.
Setting: Outdoors: Prudence is seated on a cloud throne, which is set on the ground. She is surrounded by figures, including Time at her feet and three female figures to her right (one holding the mirror). Three cherubs sit atop the cloud throne, and one is crowning her with a wreath. There are trees in the background, and further beyond we see a cloudy sky.
Figures: Prudence, Time, three female figures, three cherubs
Notes:
- Female figures dressed similarly to Prudence
* 2nd quarter of 17th Century, Prudence, Peace And Abundance, Amen
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: Dagger/rod?
Dress: Dress, wrapped in drapery
Hair: Long, down; covered by helmet
Posture: Seated, facing Peace and Abundance, holding dagger/rod in one hand (inclined towards shoulder)
Setting: Outdoors; Prudence is seated on an elaborate throne, set atop a platform. Two elaborate columns are visible heading into the background. The sky in the background is blue with white clouds. There are three cherubs in the scene, one below Prudence and two flying above, one dropping a wreath on Peace.
Figures: Prudence, Peace, Abundance, three cherubs
Notes:
- None
Jacques Callot
* 1st half 17th century, A woman standing, facing right: Allegory of Prudence
Medium: Drawing
Items: Mirror, serpent?
Dress: Dress, drapery around waist
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing, body in profile, face looking forward. One hand holding up large mirror, other hand tucked in drapery. Serpent around neck?
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
* 1st half 17th century, A woman standing, facing left: Allegory of Prudence
Medium: Drawing
Items: Mirror
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing in profile, looking to side. Holding large mirror with one hand; other hand is across midriff
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Michel Dorigny
* Mid-17th century, La Force Et La Prudence
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: Serpent, mirror, column
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Bun?
Posture: Flying, holding serpent in one extended arm, supporting column in other
Setting: Prudence, Fortitude and a cherub are flying above a group of clouds, with blue sky above them. Prudence is above Fortitude, and the cherub (holding the mirror) is at Prudence's feet.
Figures: Prudence, Fortitude, cherub
Notes:
- None
Jacques Sarrazin ; Henri Perlan (Exécutant)
* Mid-17th century, La Prudence
Medium: Bronze sculpture
Items: Rod, serpent (Rod of Asclepius?), shield
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up, in helmet
Posture: Seated, holding rod in one hand, with serpent around arm and rod; the other hand is holding up the shield, which is resting on the ground.
Setting: Prudence is seated on an eagle. To the shield-side is a cherub, holding an indecipherable object up to her.
Figures: Prudence, cherub, eagle
Notes:
- None
Giovanni Francesco Romanelli
* c. 1657, Prudence and Foresight
Medium: Watercolor over black and red chalks on cream antique laid paper
Items: Serpent, mirror
Dress: Dress, drapery around waist and legs
Hair: Up, bun
Posture: Seated on ground, with one arm down holding the serpent, and the other arm up towards the mirror
Setting: Prudence and Foresight are both seated on the floor, facing one another. Foresight is holding the mirror up so that Prudence may look into it. The background contains an arch, the opening covered by curtains. The curtains are open slightly, but beyond them is indecipherable.
Figures: Prudence, Foresight
Notes:
- None
Luca Giordano
* c 1670, Allegory
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items:
Dress:
Hair:
Posture:
Setting:
Figures:
Notes:
- May not be Prudence at all -- fill in details later
* Early 1680's, Allegory of Prudence.
Medium: Oil
Items: Rod of Asclepius?, deer
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Covered by helmet
Posture: Seated on deer, holding rod in one hand
Setting: Outdoors. Prudence rides deer, with Order and Reason to her left, and Fraud and Ignorance to her right. Abundance, Grace and Well-Being fly above. Three cherubs roam the scene. Trees and rocks are in the immediate background, and hills are in the distant background. The sky is dark and cloudy.
Figures: Prudence, Order, Reason, Abundance, Grace, Well-Being, Fraud, Ignorance, three cherubs
Notes:
- None
Unknown
* End of 17th century, La Prudence
Medium: Brown wash , Black chalk
Items: Serpent, Mirror (self-reflection)
Dress: Dress
Hair: Down, shoulder length
Posture: Standing, holding mirror up in one hand, looking at self; serpent in other hand
Setting: No real background, only dark shadows
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Claude Deruet
* 2nd quarter of 17th century, Earth
Medium:
Items:
Dress:
Hair:
Posture:
Setting:
Figures:
Notes:
- Need better image to see details.
- Prudence, along with various other Virtues, is in the sky, as a reflection of the Virtue of the royal family. Prudence plays a very small role in this complex work.
Giovanni Francesco Romanelli
* 17th century, Wisdom and Prudence
Medium: Black chalk, brown ink, brown wash
Items: Serpent, mirror
Dress: Dress, one shoulder and breast exposed; drapery around opposite arm
Hair: Up in braids
Posture: Seated, in profile, holding serpent and mirror in same hand
Setting: Seated in clouds, facing Wisdom; two (three?) cherubs, one for Wisdom and another next to Prudence. Background is composed of clouds.
Figures: Prudence, Wisdom, two (three?) cherubs
Notes:
- Noteworthy that serpent and mirror are held in the same hand
Unknown
* 17th century, Allegorical Figures: Prudence and Charity
Medium: Black int, brown wash
Items: Mirror (self-reflection), bird
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Down
Posture: Standing, holding mirror up in one hand, holding bird up in the other hand. Looking into mirror.
Setting: Prudence is standing on a platform, under an ornate arch. To her right is Charity with two cherubs; to her left is a group of cherubs (?)
Figures: Prudence, Charity, various cherubs
Notes:
- Hard to tell what is going on with the cherubs to the left of Prudence
School of Salvator Rosa
* 17th century, Fortitude, Justice, Temperance and Prudence
Medium: Brown ink on paper
Items: Mirror
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up, in a bun, headscarf in front
Posture: Seated, with mirror held up in one hand, looking the opposite direction (towards other Virtues)
Setting: Four Virtues seated together, cannot discern seats (rocks? clouds?); no real background
Figures: Prudence, Fortitude, Justice, Temperence
Notes:
- None
Jacques Belly ; Francesco Primaticcio (Inspired)
* 17th century, La Prudence
Medium: Black chalk on paper
Items: Mirror (no reflection)
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated, balancing mirror on knee with one hand, holding cherub in other arm. Looking into mirror.
Setting: Prudence is seated, although the seat is not shown. Two cherubs surround her, with another figure off to the side (cannot discern who/what it is or what it is doing). No background.
Figures: Prudence, two cherubs, one unknown figure
Notes:
- None
Unknown
* 4th quarter 17th century, Allegory of Fortitude, and Allegory of Prudence, and another allegory
Medium: Pen, gray ink
Items: Book, quill
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up in first sketch; down in second and third
Posture: Seated
Setting: Prudence is seated with a book resting on one leg, with book-side arm supporting head; opposite hand is resting on non-book leg, holding quill. Cherubs in clouds are in the first and third sketch.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- Three sketches of same scene
Unknown
* 4th quarter 17th century, Woman holding a serpent and looked in a mirror: Prudence
Medium: Red pencil
Items: Mirror (self-reflection), serpent, compass
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Reclined
Setting: Prudence is reclining on one arm, which is holding the serpent. Her free arm is holding the compass. Time is behind Prudence, holding up a mirror; Prudence looks into it over her shoulder.
Figures: Prudence, Time
Notes:
- None
Gregorio De Ferrari
* 17th century ; 18th century, Episode of Roman history with Justice and Prudence
Medium: Brown ink, gray ink, black chalk, gray wash, ocher wash, on gray paper
Items: None
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated
Setting: Justice and Prudence are seated in the foreground before an elaborate scene. The two Virtues are not interacting with the scene, and do not have their usual identifying items.
Figures: Justice, Prudence, various others
Notes:
- None
Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio)
* 2nd Half 17th Century , 1st Quarter 18th Century, Four Virtues standing: Temperance, Justice, Prudence and Religion
Medium: Brown ink, brown wash, gray wash, black chalk
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Tied into tail behind
Posture: Standing, holding mirror up in one hand, looking into mirror; holding serpent in other hand
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- Four Virtues are presented as individuals, with no interaction
Benedetto Luti (copy of) ; unknown
* 2nd half of 17th century, 1st quarter of 18th century, Modesty between Piety and Prudence
Medium: Red pencil
Items: Mirror, arrow, serpent, deer
Dress: Dress, drapery covering legs
Hair: Down, covered by helmet
Posture: Seated, holding mirror in one hand, serpent wrapped around arrow in other. Looking backwards towards Modesty, who is standing behind her.
Setting: Modesty is standing between Piety and Prudence, both seated. Deer is standing behind Prudence, facing forward. There are rocks in the immediate background, and clouds in the distance.
Figures: Modesty, Piety, Prudence.
Notes:
- None
Sir James Thornhill
* ca 1716, Time, Prudence and Vigilance
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: Mirror, rod, serpent, deer
Dress: Drapery below breasts
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated, holding mirror up in one hand, holding rod (which the serpent is wrapped around) in other. Prudence is looking into the mirror.
Setting: Set amongst the clouds, there are several allegorical figures doing their own thing. Prudence is seated on a cloud, holding a mirror in one hand and a rod (with the serpent wrapped around it) in the other. Below her, resting on a cloud, is a deer.
Figures: Prudence, various others
Notes:
- None
* ca 1718, Allegorical Figures: Clemency, Prudence and Justice with Pallas, Heroic Poetry, Liberty, Discretion, History and Mercury.
Medium: Oil on wood panel
Items: Spear
Dress: Dress with both shoulders and breasts exposed, drapery over one shoulder and wrapped around
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated on a cloud, in profile, holding spear in one hand
Setting: Elaborate allegorical scene, Prudence is just one of many figures.
Figures: Several
Notes:
- None.
* ?, Prudence.
Medium: Painting
Items: Mirror
Dress: Nude, drapery behind
Hair: Short
Posture: Inclined on a cloud, holding mirror up in one hand, looking into it.
Setting: Set in the sky, with some clouds and blue sky in the background
Figures: Prudence, portrayed as a cherub
Notes:
- None
* ?, Design for a Ceiling: The Four Cardinal Virtues.
Medium: Ink??
Items: Mirror, sword, serpent
Dress: Tunic, "kilt", drapery
Hair: Covered by helmet
Posture: Seated on cloud, holding large mirror up with one hand, holding sword with serpent wrapped around it in other
Setting: In a circle with other Virtues, all seated on clouds. In the background is the blue sky.
Figures: The Four Cardinal Virtues
Notes:
- Prudence is male
* 1725-1727, Allegorical Group: The Four Cardinal Virtues.
Medium: Paint
Items: Mirror, spear
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Hidden by helmet
Posture: Seated, leaning forward. Holding mirror up with one hand, spear in the other
Setting: Set in the clouds, with Justice as the central figure and the three other Virtues around her, along with two cherubs. In the background are white clouds, and further behind is a white-cloud swept blue sky.
Figures: Justice, Prudence, Temperance, Fortitude, two cherubs
Notes:
- None
Workshop of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
* 1740s, Prudence
Medium: Fresco, transferred to canvas
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Down
Posture: Standing, holding mirror in one arm; the serpent is wrapped about the opposite forearm, behind her, extending below her, allowing her to stand on it.
Setting: No setting
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- Another instance of Prudence stepping on the serpent
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
* 1750, The Glorification of the Barbaro Family
Medium: Painting on canvas
Items: Serpent
Dress: Dress with one shoulder exposed
Hair: Up, wreathed
Posture: Seated on cloud, body positioned and looking away; one arm, with serpent wrapped around it, is raised.
Setting: The Barbaro family is on a high platform?, surrounded by Virtues and cherubs perched on clouds. In the background there are mountain tops, clouds, and blue sky. There is a cloud column in the background, with cherubs perched.
Figures: Various
Notes:
- None
François Boucher
* 2nd quarter 18th century, Prudence
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: Mirror, serpent, spear?
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Down
Posture: Seated, holding serpent and mirror in same hand; spear? in other
Setting: Prudence is seated amongst the clouds. A cherub pulls on the spear? in Prudence's hand. In the background are more clouds, extending into the distance.
Figures: Prudence, cherub
Notes:
- None
Jean Robert Ango
* 3rd quarter of the 18th century, Allégorie de la Prudence
Medium: Black chalk
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated, holding mirror up in one hand, looking into it; serpent held on lap with other hand.
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Thomas Jarvis
* 1778-85, Antechapel - Great Window
Medium: Painted window
Items: Mirror
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing, holding mirror up in one hand, looking in profile into mirror
Setting: Background is clouds; not necessarily given the impression of Prudence standing amongst the clouds, but rather two different scenes - Prudence, and clouds.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- Image only shows half of Prudence (one arm and upper torso). Do not know what is happening with the rest of the image.
Angelika Kauffmann
* c 1780, Beauty directed by Prudence, wreathed by Perfection
Medium: Painting
Items: Mirror
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Up, braided, head scarf
Posture: Seated, propping mirror on one leg with one hand, other arm around Beauty
Setting: Beauty is the central figure, held by Prudence on one side, and wreathed by Perfection on other. The figures are on rocks, and the background has mountains and trees. The sky is cloudy, dark around the left and right borders. There are some items in the foreground below Perfection that I cannot discern.
Figures: Beauty, Prudence, Perfection
Notes:
- None
Fils La Gardette
* 4th quarter 18th century, M. le Marquis de Lafayette, Lafayette receives hands of prudence crown of immortality
Medium: Ink, wash
Items: Crown
Dress: Drapery/dress over lower half; nude torso
Hair: Down
Posture: Standing, head in profile facing central figure Lafayette. One arm is raised, crowning him; other arm is down, holding his hand?
Setting: There are several other unidentified figures about. The setting seems to be on rocks, with mountains in the background; there is a temple atop a mountain to the right. There are clouds in the sky.
Figures: Lafayette, Prudence, several other figures
Notes:
- None
Edme Bouchardon
* 18th century, Prudence with three naked children; Inspired by Raphael
Medium: Red pencil
Items: Mirror, Janus head
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up, only partially visible due to Janus head
Posture: Seated; holding mirror up in one hand, looking in profile into mirror
Setting: Sitting on square, undecorated seat, which rests on some sort of platform (with one foot hanging over the platform). Cherub helps hold up mirror. No background.
Figures: Prudence, cherub
Notes:
- None
* 18th century, Prudence
Medium: Red pencil
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated, holding mirror up in one hand, looking into mirror; holding serpent in the other hand.
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Nicola Maria Rossi
* 18th century, La Justice, la Force, la Prudence et une autre figure allégorique
Medium: Brown ink, brown wash, black charcoal
Items: Mirror, spear, serpent, deer
Dress: Up
Hair: Dress
Posture: Stepping forward to her right; left arm holding up mirror, looking left into mirror; holding spear with serpent wrapped around it in right hand.
Setting: Justice is central figure, seated upon a throne. To her right is Fortitude, and to her left are Temperance?, followed by Prudence. Laying at the feet of Prudence is a deer. The Virtues are surrounded by arches, and in the background we can see trees. The sky above is cloudy.
Figures: Justice, Fortitude, Temperance?, Prudence
Notes:
- None
Anicet Charles Gabriel Lemonnier
* 2nd Half 18th century ; 1st quarter 19th century, Allégorie de la Prudence
Medium: Black charcoal
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated; holding mirror up in one hand, looking into mirror; other hand holds serpent
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
* 2nd Half 18th century ; 1st quarter 19th century, Allégorie de la Prudence
Medium: Black charcoal
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated; holding mirror up in one hand, looking into mirror; other hand holds serpent
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Jean-Baptiste Isabey
* 4th quarter 18th century ; 1st half 19th century, Attributes of Wisdom and Prudence
Medium: Brown ink, brown wash
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: N/A
Hair: N/A
Posture: N/A
Setting: N/A
Figures: N/A
Notes:
- Not an actual image of Prudence, but of her "attributes", that is, her typical items. Here we have a mirror with a serpent wrapped around the handle.
Louis-Simon Boizot
* 1806 - 1808, The Four Cardinal Virtues
Medium: Sculpture
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing, holding serpent in one hand
Setting: The four Virtues are around one pillar. Prudence is holding a serpent by the head in one hand, with the serpent's body wrapped around an obelisk of some sort.
Figures: The Four Cardinal Virtues
Notes:
- None
Michel Martin Drolling
* 1823, Prudence
Medium: Oil on canvas
Items: Quill, serpent
Dress: Nude
Hair: Up
Posture: Seated (reclining) on clouds, positioned so that back is visible; holding quill with serpent wrapped around it in one hand. Other arm is propped on cloud, which may be holding her drapery.
Setting: Set atop clouds. Blue sky dominates most of background, with a few clouds low to the horizon.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- I really like the positioning of the legs in this one.
Antoine François Gerard
* 1st quarter 19th century, Prudence
Medium: Plaster
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing, facing away (rear view); holding snake up in one hand. In profile, looking away from mirror
Setting: Mirror is "mounted" behind Prudence. No background.
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- None
Jean-Baptiste Mauzaisse
* 1826-1827, The Divine Wisdom giving laws to kings and legislators, surrounded by the Fair and Prudence
Medium: Painting on ceiling
Items: Mirror, owl?
Dress: Dress
Hair: Largely covered by helmet
Posture: Seated, with mirror held in one hand, resting on same arm.
Setting: Elaborate setting. Here Prudence is used as a complementary figure to support Wisdom.
Figures: Several
Notes:
- I don't know if the owl belongs to Prudence, or it happens to be near her. I can't remember her being associated to an owl anywhere else (I've seen an eagle, and maybe a dove, but not an owl)
Jean-Jacques Elshoecht
* 1841, Prudence
Medium: Relief in oak
Items: Torch
Dress: Nude torso, dress blow hips
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing, holding torch low in one hand, dress up (behind) in other hand. Looking in profile at sphynx to her right.
Setting: Before an arch. There is a sphynx to her right, sitting atop a column. There is a smaller column before the sphynx's column, which has "Consilium ante rem" written upon it. There is a cherub standing beside Prudence.
Figures: Prudence, sphynx, cherub
Notes:
- First use of sphynx I've seen with Prudence, if it is indeed a sphynx
- "Consilium ante rem" would mean "think before you act"?
Eloi Firmin Feron
* 2nd quarter of the 19th century, Prudence
Medium: Monochrome
Items: Mirror?
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Largely covered by scarf
Posture: Seated, holding mirror up in both hands?, looking into mirror?
Setting: Layered; the image of Prudence is simply Prudence sitting with mirror?, no background. This image is framed in an elaborate frame, flanked on either side by a cherub and a lion? (all meant to be part of the frame). The frame image also has a background, which is meant to be a mantle? with ornate decorative carvings above, and different figurative scenes below.
Figures: For our purposes, Prudence
Notes:
- None
Jean-Auguste Barre
* 1858 - 1860, Prudence
Medium: Bronze sculpture
Items: Serpent
Dress: Dress, with one shoulder and breast exposed
Hair: Down
Posture: Standing, leaning on column with serpent wrapped around it
Setting: The Four Cardinal Virtues are each displayed around a obelisk?
Figures: The Four Cardinal Virtues
Notes:
- None
Unknown
* 19th century, Allegory of Prudence and Allegory of the Faith
Medium: Gray ink, brown wash, red pencil
Items: Mirror (reflection of face, but position is confusing)
Dress: Dress
Hair: Up
Posture: Standing, holding mirror low in one hand
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- Very cartoonish. Prudence may be an old woman?
Unknown
* 19th century, Christ Allegory of Prudence
Medium: Gray ink, gray wash
Items: Mirror, serpent
Dress: Dress, drapery
Hair: Up, largely covered by hood
Posture: Standing on platform, holding mirror up in one hand, serpent low in the other
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- There is an image of Christ next to Prudence, but I do not think the two images are necessarily meant to be considered as one piece
Achille Benouville
* 19th century, Survey after an ancient statue of Athena
Medium: Graphite, paper
Items: Ball (orbis terrarum?)
Dress: Dress and drapery
Hair: Up, and braided down
Posture: Standing on a platform; one hand holding orb up, other holding braid which hangs over one shoulder
Setting: None
Figures: Prudence
Notes:
- The only reason to believe this figure is Prudence is because the site's author has stated that the platform identifies the figure as Prudence; however, I can't make out the writing so I wouldn't have known otherwise
Images I've not found yet:
- I know that in St. Peter's Basilica, in the Alexander VII monument, there is a statue of Prudence by Cartari, but I've not been able to find a photo that clearly displays her (the photos I've found are usually all from the same angle, and she happens to be behind another figure).
- Sir Joshua Reynolds has a Prudence which is used as a basis for the Prudential logo, but I can't find an actual image of his work (only references to it).
- Unknown artist, Integrity and Prudence over Vice
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